[Note: This paper contains images which may be seen as originally published at our website]

In ceremonial magick of the Western Tradition, the hands and fingers are used for various purposes among which is to trace symbols, sigils, and signs in a consecrated space or object. They are also utilized to banish, invoke and direct forces to certain targets. In contrast to the adepts of ceremonial magic, stage magicians apply the hands to entertain audiences with their many illusory tricks. They call this, “prestidigitation,” or “sleight of hand.” In prestidigitation, the hands are used in various ways to deceive and mislead the eyes, and also in guiding the mental focus of the audience. The saying that “the hands are quicker than the eye,” is a well-known cliché used by stage magicians.

While still on the topic of entertainment, we have to consider the applause. The clapping of hands in modern usage is an expression of delight, agreement, an accompaniment to music, or appreciation for someone’s stage performance. Metaphysically, it is said that ovation dispels the presence of angelic beings. These creatures of light dislike the vibrations produced by the applause. From the occult point of view, therefore, clapping is regarded as a negative practice.

In dance, gestures of the hands are essential in conveying or expressing symbolic messages and metaphorical meanings. They possess a rich vocabulary and tell non-verbal stories that evoke our primordial emotions as well as divine sensations. This can easily be seen and experienced in the hula-dance of the Polynesians. These dances and hand movements narrate various myths of the land that transports us to another world. In Hindu classical texts regarding dance, hundreds of hand gestures are mentioned, together with descriptions of the thirteen positions of the head, thirty-six of the eyes, and nine of the neck. In the Hindu dances based on the Carnatic music composition, the following mudras are used among many others: Raaga mudra, Tata mudra, Aachaarya mudra, Naayaka mudra, Vamsa mudra, Biruda mudra, Lakshana Grantha mudra, Prabandha mudra, Sthala mudra, etc.

Although the many poses of the hands in traditional dance may portray symbolical meanings, they are also functional in the sense that they modify the morphogenic or auric field of the human organism, and likewise meant to regulate the energy flow within the etheric body.

There are numerous forms of dance or dancing style prompted by the various levels of the psyche. Basically, we can classify three types of dance originating from the subconsciousness, consciousness and the superconsciousness. The instinctive or primitive dance originating from the subconsciousness is well known and is displayed by both man and beast. Most of these movements and their awkward gestures usually are mating courtship dances and the release of pent-up energies. Cultural dances evolved from these unrefined movements. They are a projection of what the psyche understands of beauty, grace, form, rhythm, etc. The third category may be called mystical dances. They originate from higher levels of consciousness beyond the reach of the conscious mind, but whose energies may be channeled through the physical body producing divine movements. Some forms of dancing are the amalgamation of all three classifications. The traditional dancing styles of Eastern countries such as India, Thailand, and Indonesia are typical of these. In these dances mudras are often formed to alter the consciousness of the dancer and indirectly affect the consciousness of the spectators. About 16 years ago the writer personally witnessed one of the traditional Javanese dances performed by a very talented young man. The dance was called “Kesadaran,” or “Consciousness.” We were spellbound from start to finish.

Music often make us move and sway our hands, feet, and body unconsciously. Why does it do this? For the simply reason that musical energies have the power to possess our beings and cause an altered state of awareness making us lose a certain degree of control over our physical motor system. All beings are susceptible to the influence of music. Animals and plants are especially vulnerable. In Greek myth we often hear tales of Pan, the personification of Nature, dancing to the mystical tunes of his pan-pipes, and all those who heard him play would also join in the fun, the mirth, and the merry-making. Similarly, when the Greek sage Orpheus played on his lyre, all became entranced, even the rocks listened attentively.

In the Hindu tales of the gods, as found in the Bhagavata-Purana and the Gita-Govinda, Krishna is said to have enchanted the gopis, or shepherdesses of Vrindavana with his lila dance and magical flute-playing. Each gopi was so mesmerized and distracted by Krishna that they would forget everything else around them. They would become so one-pointed that they would believe that they were the only one present before their Lord. Evidently, music has the power to cause ecstatic feelings.

The god Shiva is often portrayed in iconography in a dancing pose as Nataraja, or “Lord of Dance.” Representing the Consciousness aspect of Nature, why does Shiva engage in a Cosmic dance? It is because Shakti or divine energy, flows through his being and causes spasms and convulsions at first, and then rhythmic movements in attunement with the beat of the Cosmos. Amidst spiritual flames, Shiva dances rapturously, burning and transmuting all of the old outworn forms of life hindering cosmic progress.

In a microcosmic scale, a Shiva-dance likewise occurs to a practitioner of mudras. Spontaneous dancing may transpire as a result of the awakening of the life-force in the lowest psychospiritual center of the etheric body. While conducting the mudras the practitioner’s whole being would often move involuntarily. The physical body might sway forward and backward, left and right or rotate on its axis. His or her hands would move on their own accord in circles, in arches, in figure-eights, in a chopping upward-downward movement, or oscillate in a left-right or forward-backward direction; sometimes the hands are mysteriously placed at various layers of the aura, or even at certain focus points–at the chakras or energy centers of the body. While Shakti is active, she may also induce the practitioner to assume unlearnt mudras. The energies invoked through mudras have an intelligence all of their own and they do their work through movements. They know what to do to balance, purify, transform, or integrate celestial energies into the microcosmic system.

In the martial-arts field, hands are used as weapons of defense or destruction. The “Tiger’s Claw,” the “Iron Fist,” “the Drunken-style Fist,” etc, all indicate the manifold lethal forms that the hands may assume to strike an opponent or to ward off blows. In contrast to this, the finer arts make use of the hands constructively and creatively to produce wondrous objects of art, and to compose and produce heavenly music. Like the Cosmic dance of Shiva, the movements of Tai Chi, Pencak Silat, and other forms of self-defense have part of their origin in an awakened source of energy moving through the limbs producing involuntary movements. These movements were later noted down and turned into the various steps of martial-art discipline and training.

Some systems of metaphysical development teach us to move the body in a certain way. Though this has an effect in stimulating energies in the body it is not quite as effective in producing the desired results as when compared to the assuming of mudras that cause the energies to produce natural movements all of their own accord.

When we clasp our hands by interlacing our fingers, the thumb at the uppermost, whether right or left indicates which hemisphere of our brain predominates. Psychology tells us that if the right thumb is uppermost it is logic or reason that is predominant within us, or if the left thumb, intuition.

The hands play an important role in empowering the mind to function optimally. Since energy radiates from the palms and fingertips, they are often unconsciously utilized as stimulators re-connecting lost or poor links between synapses of brain neurons. In the book Body Magic, an important work on esoteric man, Benjamin Walker describes how the operations of the hands often attempt to improve the mental processes by certain placements:

“When the fingertips of the two hands are placed together, a circuit is set up with the brain that is believed to assist thought. People in deep thought will often talk with their fingertips pressed together, as if unconsciously aware of the need to establish such a current to assist their concentration. If a man wishes to recall something he has forgotten, his hand will instinctively touch his forehead to contact with his fingers the source of his thinking.”

From what has been written thus far, it is evident that hands play a prominent role in everyday life. This can also be seen in the way we have invented all sorts of idioms regarding them. For instance, “lend me a hand,” “hands-off,” “hand-in-hand,” “old-hand,” “hands-on,” etc.

The Application of Hands in the Spiritual Path

In the Spiritual Path hands are used for the following purposes:

As an instrument of healing.

As an instrument of blessing and consecration.

As an instrument of general service.

As an instrument of teaching.

As an instrument of purification, invocation, prayer, and communion.

**********

As an instrument of healing

Chakras, or energy-centers are to be found all over the body. There is a chakra to be found in each palm of the hand. There is likewise a minor chakra at every fingertip. The size, activity, and power of these chakras are dependent upon various factors. One of these is the purity of the subtle channels terminating at those chakra points. These subtle channels or etheric nadis convey the life-force all over the body and may be projected outside of the body through the hand chakras. Healers of various metaphysical traditions make use of the hands to convey healing energy or to break up toxic crystals imbedded in the tissues. Since ancient times Chinese doctors have been diagnosing a person’s state of vitality through sensing the strength of the energy radiating from the hands, from the phalanges of the fingers, and the pulse at the wrist. Among the many systems of alternative therapeutics that make use of the hands are acupressure, Shiatsu, Chakra healing, Reiki, Rosicrucian Contact healing, Body Electronics, various forms of massage work, etc. Like Jesus the Christ, every Initiate on the Spiritual Path is essentially a healer, though he may not blatantly proclaim or advertise himself to be one. When circumstances and necessity calls for it he would gladly offer his services to the suffering one, always stressing, however, that it is not he that works, but the “Father ” within him.

As an instrument of blessing and consecration

Metaphysics teaches and proves through various experiments which may be personally verified by skeptics that energy radiates from the hands. This energy may be used to magnetize objects, places, spaces or people for various purposes. The religious term for magnetization is consecration. Blessing is a form of consecration. It refers to the magnetization of a human being rather than an object with a spiritual force. Generally, in the act of consecration or blessing we seek to raise the vibrations or frequency of a person or an object, or to empower it with certain energies that would turn it into a psycho-spiritual generator that would influence its immediate surroundings in a certain way. Thought-forms imbued with mental suggestions and emotional power are often attached to these blessings. Curses operate much in the same way as blessings, they however, bring about negative effects. The curse on Tutankhamen’s tomb is a classic example of this.

Where people are concern in the act of blessing, the metaphysical practitioner would also seek to clear obstructive or congested energies preventing the person from being aware of or communing with his or her Higher Self. Once this purification is achieved the person would possess a clearer line of communication with his hidden god or genius and acquire a stronger sense of protection, faith, and a constant guidance from the Most High.

In the act of blessing or consecration, the hands work in harmony with the power of the spoken word to modify the magnetic-field structure of people and objects.

As an instrument of general service

The hands are tools of service and humanitarian aid. Spiritually and socially, it is applied in extending a helping hand to our fellow beings, to those in need of bare necessities, comfort and solace. In spiritual teachings, karma yoga is often associated with the hands in active giving without any thought of remuneration or recognition. This is a vital principle. The desire to serve humanity must come from the heart without any thought of self or ego. Selflessness, self-sacrifice, and active service are important virtues that the spiritual aspirant has to embody and express at every breathing moment. When self-comfort, self-importance, and self-aggrandizement are the sole motives of help to others then the hands are misapplied and any act carried-out is unmeritorious. Spiritual disciples should not attract attention to the fact that they are serving. The best service is done quietly in the shadows without any fanfare or advertisements. The Master Jesus explained it concisely in this manner: “Do not let the left hand know what the right hand is doing.” Occultly, the left hand is used for receiving energies, while the right hand is employed for giving them.

As an instrument of teaching

Spiritual Gurus teach in various ways. They give teachings orally, in writing, telepathically, through example, symbols, drama, and by the use of gestures. The hands can convey lots of information when knowledgeably used. Symbolic movements of the hands may portray the workings of Cosmic laws and spiritual principles. It is said that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes the hands may tell what the mouth cannot. A loving touch tells something that words are often unequipped to. In Zen Buddhism, the Guru often gives shock treatments to his students with the use of the hands. A rap on the head or a slap on the face at the appropriate moment and psychological condition after intense meditation is supposed to cause a student to suddenly apperceive the natural state of his mind and thereby become enlighten.

As an instrument of purification, invocation, prayer and communion

Perhaps the most common use of hands in religious and in metaphysical spiritual work is its application in prayer. Basically, this does not require any specialized knowledge. The hands are instinctively used when appealing to God, to higher intelligences for intercession or when used simply as gestures of adoration or reverence, just as we instinctively scratch our foreheads or pull our beards when we seek to arouse our mental powers. The hands may be clasped, outstretched or assumed in any other way that the heart dictates while in silent prayer. Esoteric teachings, however, teaches various mudras, or hand gestures that have specific purposes for the invocation of cosmic forces and spiritual beings. The liturgical formula “The Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, Amen” in the Christian Tradition accompanied with the touching of the appropriate points of the head and body at the conclusion of a prayer conveys a certain power to the etheric body when correctly done. However, the perfunctory manner in which it is performed provides very little of worth. In Hinduism, such placing of the hands upon certain parts of the body with magical intent is called Nyasa.

To commune with the divinity within us we may apply various mudras that facilitates mystical communion. Mudras establishes a psychic condition in the mind and body that temporary elevates our consciousness, and disperses the etheric webs that protects the psyche from being prematurely bombarded by psychic/celestial energies. It aligns and unites our objective consciousness with the superconscious mind. An altered state of consciousness is easily achieved through the use of the hands in the performing of mudras. Through mudras our communion with the so-called supernatural is controlled. We open and close the portals to higher worlds through the application of our will.

In ceremonial magick the hands are extensively used to direct and build up forces in one’s sacred place of worship and practice. Symbols are drawn on the ground or in the air with the power radiating from the hands and chakras to invoke and evoke cosmic metaphysical forces. The avatar Sai Baba is often seen making gestures in the air. He does this for the purpose of dispersing and cleansing the ambient surroundings and atmosphere from negative energies. The metaphysical practitioner or ceremonial magician makes use of the hands in manifesting certain things and conditions.

To conclude this article we would like to praise the hands for what they offer us–the opportunity to grow and serve. The fingers and thumbs of the hands should not quarrel among themselves as to who is the greatest, as related in some ancient fables, for they all have their place in supporting the need in us to further pursue our dreams, in fulfilling our earthly tasks and cosmic mission. The harmonious conjoined functioning of the fingers and thumbs of the hands is a metaphor for the right relationship and cooperation between the sons of men to manifest the Will of God, just as the fingers and hands manifests the will of its possessor. The noblest use of our hands is to extend it in friendship, in kindness and in unconditional love.

Copyright © 2006 Luxamore

Leonard Lee aka Luxamore

Metaphysical teacher, counseler, healer and merchant of occult/magickal items of Indonesia.
Magickal Items from Indonesia: talismans, mustika pearls, kerises, etc.
Magickal Bezoar Mustika Pearls from Indonesia.

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Give And Take

o A SHORT PRAYER –”Whate’er i do, things great or small Whate’er i speak or frame. Thy glory may i seek man, Do all in Jesus’s name.”
o AA. MILNE –”Rivers know this: there is no hurry, We shall get there someday.”
o ABRAHAM LINCOLN –”When i do good, i feel good; when i do bad, ifeel bad. That’s my religion.”
o ADI GRANTH –”Some call on the Lord, “Rama,” some cry, ‘ ‘Khuda,’ ‘Some bow to Him as Gosain, some as Allah; He is called the Ground of Grounds and also the Bountiful.The Compassionate One and Gracious… Says Nanak, Whoever realises the will of the Lord,He will find out the Lord’s secrets!”
o ADI GRANTH –”This earth is a garden, The Lord its gardener; Cherishing all, none neglected.”
o ADI SANKARACHARYA –”Acceptance by firm judgement as true of what the scriptures and the guru instruct, is called by sages as shraddha or faith, by means of which Reality is perceived.”
o ADI SHANKARACHARYA –”Forgive me Oh, Shiva My three great sins! I came on a pilgrimage to Kashi forgetting that you are omnipresent. In thinking about you i forgot that You are beyond thought. In praying to You i forgot that You are beyond words.”
o ALAN PATRICK HERBERT –”A highbrow is the kind of person who looks at a sausage and thinks of Picasso.”
o ANANIS NIN –”We do not grow absolutely, chronologically. We grow sometimes in one dimension, and not in another, unevenly. We grow partially. We are relative. We are mature in one realm, childish in another. The past, present and future mingle and pull us backward, or fix us in the present. We are m/ade up of cells, constellations.”
o ANDREW COHEN –”Enlightenment means freedom from karma. Karma is created every time you act out of unconsciousness, ignorance, and selfishness in ways that cause suffering to others. For most of us, karma is a powerful force – the accumulated momentum of literally countless actions. The momentum of karma is what makes the personal world of ego and un-emightenment appear so attractive to us… In an evolutionary context, the individual is aspiring to become liberated so that the authentic self, the evolutionary impulse, is free to act, to respond, to transform this world. The authentic self has no past; it has no karma.”
o ANIL KRAJVANSHI –”In all mythologies gods are shown to have powers to go to any place at will. In Patanjali Yoga Darshan it is stated that a yogi can get, through spiritual practice, the powers to fly through space with speeds matching that of mind. Mahabharata and Ramayana have references to fly ing machines and in other societies also gods have always been portrayed as shining beings coming to earth from space. Almost all our scriptures talk about liberation from this planet earth and urge us to go to higher worlds or swargalok.”
o ANNA QUINDLEN –”There was waking, and there was sleeping. And then there were books, a kind of parallel universe in which anything might happen and frequently did, a universe in which i might be a newcomer but was never really a stranger.”
o ANON –”The shortest distance between two points is under construction.”
o ANONYMOUS –”A conclusion is simply the place where someone got tired of thinking.”
o ANONYMOUS –”A yawn may not be polite, but at kast it u an honest opinion.”
o ANONYMOUS –”Grey hairisa blessing — ask any bald man.”
o ANONYMOUS –”Law of inflation: whatever goes up will go up some more.”
o ANONYMOUS –”Valentines Day is when a lot of married men are reminded what a poor shot Cupid really is.”
o ANONYMOUS –”What makes stupidity really insufferable is that it is forever in action^ idiocy knows no rest.”
o ANONYMOUS –”You dont have to be a beer drinkerto play darts, but it helps.”
o ANTHONY DE MELLO –”My experience is that it’s precisely the ones who don’t know what to do with this life who are all hot and bothered about what they are going to do with another life… As soon as you look at the world through an ideology you are finished. No reality fits an ideology. Life is beyond that. That is why people are always searching for ameaningtolife… Meaning is only found when you go beyond meaning. Life only makes sense when you perceive it as mystery and it makes no sense to the conceptualising mind.”
o ANTOINE DE STEXUPERY –”The great of the earth are those who leave silence and solitude around themselves, their work and their life, and let it ripen of its own accord.”
o ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER –”Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius hits a target no one else can see.”
o As the blazing fire reduces wood to ashes, similarly, the fire of Self-knowledge reduces all karma to ashes.”
o ASMA SADIA –”One night i heard a knock on my door; Who can it be, i wasn’t quite sure. I open the door and am filled with glee; The visitor ahead is no stranger to me. I welcome the guest with utmost delight; For i know i will get respite. An air of happiness fills the space; My home now seems, a better place! Have you any clue who this visitor could be? Yes! It’s Ramadan, the month of mercy. The pious and righteous can’t await its arrival… For Allah we fast from dawn to dusk; For Him our breath is the fragrance of musk. Muslims who pray and fast with zest; Are aware of the rewards of this month manifest. Throughout this month we weep and repent; Now is the time to strongly lament. And those who shun this sacred month; On the Day of Reckoning will face the brunt. In the last ten nights, hides the Night of Decree; Allah then awaits for his slaves to plea. The angels descend with Gabriel in the lead; To check on the steadfast and record every deed. A feeling of grief now fills my heart; As the month of Ramadan will soon depart. So let’s make a start and worship Him alone; Now that the worth of this month is known.”
o ATHARVA VEDA –”Peaceful, sweet-smelling gracious, filled with mill and bearing nectar in her breast, may Earth give with the milk her blessings to me.”
o AUTHOR UNKNOWN –”Just because you’re not sick doesn’t mean you’re healthy.”
o AUTHOR UNKNOWN –”Life is but a stopping place A pause in what’s to be A resting place along the road To sweet eternity. We all have different journeys, Different paths along the way, We all were meant to learn some things, But never meant to stay… Our destination is a place Far greater than we know. For some, the journey’s quicker, For some the journey’s slow. And when the journey finally ends, We’ll claim a great reward And find an everlasting peace, Together with the Lord.”
o AUTHOR UNKNOWN –”People who look through keyholes are apt to get the idea that most things are keyhole shaped.”
o AZTEC HISTORY –”The Sun, called Tonatiuh, was invoked by the names of “the shining one”, “the beautiful child”, “the eagle thatsoars”. He was generally represented by a disk, decorated in Aztec fashion. This disk is widely known because it is an essential part of the celebrated monument called the Aztec Calendar, which is simply a very elaborate representation of the Sun.”
o BARACK OBAMA –”Just as Muslims do not fit a crude stereotype, America is not the crude stereotype of a self-interested empire.”
o BERTRAND R USSELL –”Three passions have governed my life: The longings for love, the search for knowledge, And unbearable pity for the suffering of (humankind). Love brings ecstasy arid relieves loneliness. In the union of love i have seen In a mystic miniature the prefiguring vision Of the heavens that saints and poets have imagined. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of (people). I have wished to know why the stars shineCries of pain reverberated in my heart Of children in famine, of victims tortured And of old people left helpless. I long to alleviate the evil, but i cannot, And i too suffer. This has been my life; i found it worth living.”
o BHAGAVAD GITA –”
o BHAGAVAD GITA –”As men approach Me, so I receive them. All paths, Arjuna, lead to Me.”
o BHAGAVAD GITA –”Because you trust me, Arjuna,/1 will tell you what wisdom is,/The secret of life: know it/ And be free of suffering, forever. This is thesupreme wisdom,/ The knowing beyond all knowing,/ Experienced directly, in aflash,/ Eternal, and a joy to practice. Those who are without faith/ In my teaching, cannot attainme:/ They endlessly return to this world,/ Shuttling from death to death.”
o BHAGAVAD GITA –”None can go a day out of my path. All have to come to me. Whosoever wants to worship in whatsoever form, I give him faith in that form, and through that I meet him.”
o BHAGAVAD GITA –”One who doesn’t disturb others, and is not disturbed in return, who never exults in anything, is never jealous, fearful or worried, such a one is dear to Me… He who treats friends and foes alike, who is evenminded in honour and dishonour, calmly accepts warm and cold, pleasure and pain, praise and censure, who is tranquil and content,.. .he is dear to Me.”
o BHAGAVAD GITA –”The wise see with equal vision a learned and gentle priest, a cow, an elephant, a dog and an outcaste.”
o BLAISE PASCAL –”Contradiction is not a sign of falsity, nor the lack of contradiction a sign of truth.”
o BR AMBEDKAR –”By independence, we have lost the excuse of blamingthe British for anything going wrong.”
o BULGARIAN PROVERB –”Seize the opportunity by the beard, for it is bald behind.”
o BYRON –”What an antithetical mind! -tenderness, roughness – delicacy, coarseness – sentiment, sensuality – soaring and grovelling, dirt and deity – all mixed up in that one compound of inspired clay!”
o CARL GUSTAV JUNG –”In the end, the only events of my life worth telling are those when the imperishable world erupted into this transitory one… All other memories of travels, people and my surroundings have paled beside these interior happenings… But my encounters with the ‘other’ reality, my bouts with the unconsc ous, are indelibly engraved on my memory. In that realm there has always been wealth in abundance, and everything else has lost importance by comparison.”
o CARL SAGAN –”An elegant representation of the creation of the universe at the beginning of each cosmic cycle is the cosmic dance of Shiva as Nataraja, the Dance King. In the upper right hand is a drum whose sound is the sound of creation. In the upper left hand is a tongue of flame, a reminder that the universe, now newly created, billions of years from now, will be utterly destroyed. These profound and lovely images are, i like to imagine, a kind of premonition of modern astronomical ideas.”
o CHAITANYA –”Krishna! Son of Maharaja Nanda! I am Your eternal servant; but now as a result of my previous activities i have fallen into this terrible ocean of material existence. Lust, greed, anger and envy are my adversaries; they lurk in the waters like big fish to swallow me up. The rough waves of wasted hopes and anxiety are tossing me here and there, making my life miserable. Lashing gales of bad association add further suffering. In this condition i see You asmyonly shelter, my only saviour.”
o CHAMFORT –”Change in fashion is the tax which the industry of the poor kvieson the vanity of the rich.”
o CHANAKYA –”As gold is tested in four ways by rubbing, cutting, heating and beating – so a man should be tested by the following four things: his renunciation, conduct, qualities and his actions.”
o CHINESE PROVERB –”A book is like a garden carried in the pocket.”
o COLIN WILSON –”The average man is a conformist, accepting miseries and Disasters with the stoicism of a cow standing zin the rain.”
o CONFUCIUS –”In the world there are many different roads but the destination is the same. There are a hundred deliberations but the result is one.”
o CONTRIBUTED BY TOIR CODERS –”The tenth day of Navratri is also Vidyarambham day when parents take their children to places of worship to initiate them into their first instruction, usually learning the alphabets.”
o D SUBBARAO –”Sustainability of the (economic) recovery requires returning to responsible fiscal consolidarion.”
o DANIEL WEBSTER –”Philosophical argument, especially that drawn from the vastness of the universe, in comparison with the insignificance of this globe, has sometimes shaken my reason for the faith that is in me; but my heart has always assured and reassured me that the gospel of Jesus Christ must be a divine reality. The Sermon on the Mount cannot merely be a human production. This belief enters into the very depth of my consciousness.”
o DAVID GERROLD –”The problem with the gene pool is that there s no lifeguard.”
o DAVID TRUMAN –”To some people, surrender suggests the loss of power. Looked at in another way: surrender could be an expression of freedomthe freedom to let inspiration flow, the freedom to love. After all, we can’t love if we can’t let love flow. In that sense, surrender is a way of gaining tremendous power, and using power effectively in the world.”
o DIONYSIUS THE ELDER –”Let thy speech be better than silence, or be silent.”
o DOUGLAS ADAMS –”In the beginning the Universe was created. This has made a lot of peopk very angry and has been widely regarded as a bad move.” o DZOGCHEN TRADITION –”External matter and internal mind or consciousness – although they are distinct-do affect one another. External causes and conditions are responsible for certain of our experiences of happiness and suffering. Yet we find that it is principally our own feelings, thoughts and emotions that really determine whether we are going to suffer or be happy.”
o EARL NIGHTINGALE –”What’s going on in the inside shows on the outside.”
o EDITH WHARTON –”People pay for what they do, and still more, for what they have allowed themselves to become. And they pay for it simply: by the lives they lead.”
o ELBERT HUBBARD –”If you want work mil done, select a busy man — the other kind has no time.”
o E-MAIL FORWARD –”Forgive quickly kiss passionately, love truly laugh constantly and never stop smiling no matter how strange life is. Life is not always the party we expected to be but as long as we are here, we should smile and be grateful.”
o EPES SARGENT –”A life on the ocean wave A home on the rolling deep, Where the scattered waters rave, And the winds their revels keep!”
o EPILOGUE INMUNDAWANI –”Three things are there in the vessel: Truth, contentment and intellect, The ambrosial Name of God is added to it, The Name that is everybody’s sustenance. He who absorbs and enjoys it Shall be saved. One must not abandon this gift, It should ever remain dear to one’s heart. The dark ocean of the world Can be crossed by clinging to His feet. Nanak, it is He who is everywhere. I can’t measure Your grace; You’ve made me worthy of You. I am full of blemishes; I have no virtue, You have been compassionate. Compassionate You have been and kind, Thus I met the True Guru. Nanak, I live on the Name alone, It pleases my heart and soul.”
o ERIC HOFFER –”We all have private ails. The troublemakers are they who need public cures for their private ails.”
o ERMA BOMBECK –”Seize the moment Remember all those women on the Titanic who waved off the dessert cart.”
o ERNIE BANKS –”The only way to prove that youre a good sport is to lose.”
o FAIZAHMEDFAIZ –”Last night, your lost memories crept into my heart as spring arrives secretly into a barren garden as a cool morning breeze blows slowly in a desert as a sick person feels well, for no reason.”
o FRADITIONAL ONAM SONG –”When Mahabali, our King, rules the land, All the peoples form one casteless race. And people live joyful and merry; They are free from all harm. There is neither theft nor deceit, And no one is false in speech either. Measures and weights are right; ‘Jo one cheats or wrongs the neighbour. When Mahabali, our King, rules the land, All the peoples form one casteless race.”
o FRIEDNCH NIETZSCHE –”Those who were seen dancing were thought to be insane by those who could not hear the music.”
o FROM THE MIDRASH –”When God created the first man he took him and led him round all the trees of the Garden of Eden and said to him: Look at my works, how beautiful they are! Take care that you do not corrupt and destroy my universe, for if you destroy it no one will repair it after you.”
o G.K. CHESTERTON –”The poets have been mysteriously silent on the subject of cheese.”
o GALILEO GALILEI –” All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them.” o GALILEO GALILEI –”And who can doubt that it will lead to the worst disorders when minds created free by God are compelled to submit slavishly to an outside will? When we are told to deny our senses and subject them to the whim of others? When people devoid of whatsoever competence are made judges over experts and are granted authority to treat them as they please? These are the novelties apt to bring about the ruin of commonwealths and the subversion of the state.” o GALILEO GALILEI –”But of all other stupendous inventions, what sublimity of mind must have been his who conceived how to communicate his most secret thoughts to any otherperson, though very far distant, either in time or place? And with no greater difficulty than the various arrangement of two dozen little signs upon paper? Let this be the seal of all the admirable inventions of man.”
o GALILEO GALILEI –”I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason, and intellect has intended us to forgo their use.” o GALILEO GALILEI –”You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him discover it in himself.” o GANGA STUTI –”Salutations to thatGanga, Who is dear to Lord Shiva, And who does good things. Salutations to you, Who has the fbnn ofRudre And who is also known as Sankari. Salutations to her who is the form of universe, And who is the form of Lord Brahma. Salutations to her who istheformofVedas, And who is the form of all medicines.”
o GARY ZUKAV –”Every subatomic interaction consists of the annihilation of the originalparticles and the creation of new subatomic particles. The subatomic world is a continual dance of creation and annihilation, of mass changing into energy and energy changing into mass. Transient forms sparkle in and out of existence, creating a never-ending, forever newly created reality.”
o GARY ZUKAV –”You cannot find your soul with your mind, you must use your heart. You must know what you are feeling. If you don’t know what you are feeling, you will create unconsciously. If you are unconscious of an aspect of yourself; if it operates outside your field of awareness, that aspect has power over you.”
o GAUTAMA BUDDHA –”Everything is changeable, everything appears and disappears; there is no blissful peace until one passes beyond the agony of life and death.”
o GEORGE BERNARD SHAW –”If all economists were laid end to end, they would not reach a conclusion.”
o GORDON BROWN –”Where standards have been transgressed… action has got to be taken.”
o GURU GOBIND SINGH –”As ordained by the Lord Eternal A new way of life is evolved. All the Sikhs are asked to accept the Holy Granth as the Guru. Guru Granth should be accepted As the living Guru. Those who wish to meet God Will find Him in the word.”
o GURU GRANTH SAHIB –”This human body is transitory, and transitory are the garments it wears. Attached to duality, no one attains the Mansion of the Lord’s Presence.”
o GURU RAVIDAS –”0 people of the city, everyone knows/1 am a cobbler by trade and tanner by caste/ One of the low castes, and yet within my heart/1 meditate upon God./ I am haunted day and night by the thought/ Of my low birth, society and deeds/ 0 God! The Lord of the Universe!/ 0 life of my life – forget me not/ ; I am ever Thy slave.”
o GURU RAVIDAS –”The company i keep is wretched and low, and i am anxious day and night; my actions are crooked, and i am of lowly birth.”
o GURU RAVIDAS –”The One Universal Creator God! Truth Is The Name. Creative Being Personified.”
o GURU RAVIDAS –”You are me, and i am You. What fe the difference between us? We are like gold and the bracelet, or water and the waves. Ifi did not commit any sins, 0 Infinite Lord, how would You have acquired the name, ‘Redeemer of sinners’?”
o GURU RAVIDAS –”You are my Master, the Innerknower. Searcher of hearts. The servant is known by his God, and the Lord and Master is known by His servant. Grant me the wisdom to worship and adore You with my body. 0 Ravi Das, one who understands that the Lord is equally in all, is very rare.”
o HARI DAM –”You live in time, we live in space. You’re always on the move; we’re always at rest. Religion is our first love; we revel in metaphysics. Science is your passion; you delight in physics. You believe in freedom of speech; you strive for articulation. We believe in freedom of silence; we lapse into meditation.”
o He prayeth well who loveth well/ Both man and bird and beast/ He prayeth best, who loveth best/ All things both great and small/ For the dear God who loveth us, He made and loveth all.”
o HEINRICH HIMMLER –”The best political weapon is the weapon of terror.”
o HENDRIK WILLEM VAN LOON –”Somewhere in the world there is an epigram for every dilemma.”
o HENRY D THOREAU –”As you simplify your life, the laws of the universe will be simpler.”
o HENRY DAVID THOREAU –”How vain it is to sit down to write when you have not stood up to live.”
o HERBERT M SHELTON –”At the very dawn of civilisation the Ancient Mysteries, a secret worship or wisdom religion that flourished for thousands of years in Egypt, India, Greece, Persia, Thrace, Scandinavia and the Gothic and Celtic nations, prescribed and practised fasting. The Druidical religion among the Celtic peoples required a long probationary period of fasting and prayer before the candidate could advance A fast of 50 days was required in the Mithriac religion in Persia.”
o HOMER SIMPSON –”Heres to alcohol: the came of, and solution to, all oflifes problems.”
o HOMER SIMPSON –”I’m not normally a praying man, but if You’re up there, please save me, Superman!”
o HUMPHREY BOGART –”The only thing that you owe the public is a good performance.”
o ITALO CALVINO –”There should be a time in adult life devoted to revising the most important books of our youth. Even if the books have remained the same (though they do change in the light of altered historical perspective), we have most certainly changed, and our encounter will be an entirely new thing.”
o J KRISHNAMURTI –”It is not that you read a book, pass an examination, and finish with education. The whole of life, from the moment y^ou are born to the moment you die, is a process of learning.”
o JAIN BLOG –”The Five Vows are: To practise non-violence or ahimsa by bit causing harm to any living being, to always speak the truth that is, follow Satya, to refrain from stealing by not taking anything that is not given willingly, to follow celibacy by avoiding sensual pleasures, and to remain detached and so follow non-possession or aparigraha.”
o JAIN THOUGHT –”The Universe is a composite of groups consisting of adverse pairs like knowledge and ignorance, pleasure and sorrow, life and death and so on. Life depends on such adverse groups. All the groups have their own interests, which create clashes and conflicts in thinking among themselves. Reality possesses infinite characteristics, which cannot be perceived or known at once by any ordinary man. Different people think about different aspects of the same reality and therefore their partial findings are contradictory to one another… Jaina philosophers established the theory of a Nonabsolutist standpoint Anekantavada with its two wings, Nayavada and Syadvada. Proper understanding of the coexistence of mutually opposing groups through these principles rescues one from conflicts. Mutual cooperation is the Law of Nature.”
o JAINISM –”The word “Paryushan” has several meanings: Pari + ushan = all kinds + to burn = to burn (shed) our all types ofkarmas. To shed our karmas, we do 12 different types of austerities including fasting. Another meaning of “ushan” is to stay closer. To stay closer to our own soul from all directions and to stay absorbed in our ownself (soul), we do svadhyaya (self-study), meditation, austerities, etc. Pari + upshamana = upshamana means to overcome, to overcome our passions (kashayas – anger, ego, deceit and greed) from all directions.”
o JAINWORLD.COM –”The Paryushan Parva is celebrated every year by members of the Jain community for self-purification and uplift – by ad- hering to the 10 universal virtues in practical life. This is meant to lead adherents on the right path, far from the mad strife for material prosperity, which ultimately leads the follower to his true destination-salvation.”
o JALALUDDIN RUMI –”Friends are enemies sometimes, and enemies, friends.”
o JALALUDDIN RUMI –”Load the ship and set out. No one knows for certain whether the vessel will sink or reach the harbour. Cautious people say, “I’ll do nothing until i can be sure,” Merchants know better. If you do nothing, you lose. Don’t be oneof those merchants who won’t risk the ocean.”
o JALALUDDIN RUMI –”The minute i heard my first love story, I started looking for you, nyt knowing how blind that was. Lovers don’t finally meet somewhere, They’re in each other all along.”
o JALALUDDIN RUMI –”Thinking gives off smoke to prove the existence of fire. A mystic sits inside the burning. There are wonderful shapes in rising smoke that imagination loves to watch. But it’s a mistake to leave the fire for that filmy sight. Stay here at the flame’s core.”
o JAMES C. HAGERTY –”If you lose your temper at a newspaper columnist, he’ll get rich or famous or both.”
o JAMES M BARRIE –”If you have it (love), you don’t need to have anything else, and if you don’t have it, it doesn’t matter much what else you have.”
o JATAKA –”On the eastern side of this Himalaya, the king of mountains, are green-flowing streams, having their source in slight and gentle mountain slopes; blue, white and the hundredleafed, the white lily and the tree of paradise, in a region overrun and beautified with all manner of trees and flowing shrubs and creepers, resounding with the cries of swans, ducks and geese, inhabited by troops of monks and ascetics….”
o JAY A ROW –”Sattvik daan is the charity given through a sense of duty, without expectation of anything in return, to deserving persons and at the right time and place. In rajasik daan, the charity may not be given with a willing disposition; it might. be given grudgingly. Or it may be given with the expectation of something in return. Charity given to institutions in which the donor’s name and amount is displayed on a plaque as proclamation of the donor’s generosity is rajasik daan. Tamasik daan is charity given for immoral purposes or given contemptuously with the intent to make the recipient of the charity feel obligated. In contrast, in sattvik daan it is the donor who feels obligated for being given an opportunity to serve.”
o JESUS MATTHEW –”When you pray, you must not be like the hypocrites, for they love to stand and pray in the synagogues andat the street corners, that they may be seen by men. Truly, i say to you, they have their reward. But when you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret, and your Father who sees in secret, will reward you.”
o JOHN ERSKINE –”Theres a difference between beauty and charm. A beautiful.”
o JOHN HER SCHEL –”To the natural philosopher there is no natural object unimportant or trifling.”
o JOHN KERRY –”With its nuclear arsenal, terrorist safe havens… Pakistan has emerged as one of the most difficult foreign policy challenges.”
o JOHN SLADEK –”The future, according to some scientists, will be exactly like the past, only far more expensive.”
o JOHN STEUINBECK –”I hate cameras. They are so much more sure than I am about everything.”
o JOHN UPDIKE –”Rain is grace; rain is the sky condescending to the earth; without rain, there would be no life.”
o JONATHAN LETHEM –”I work on a laptop specifically so I can work in cafes and pretend I’m part oftHe human world.”
o JONATHAN SWIFT –”I must complain the cards are ill shuffled till I have a good hand.”
o KABIR –”The river and its waves are one: where is the difference between the river and its waves? When the wave rises, it is the water; and when it falls, it is the same water again. Tell me, Sir, where is the distinction? Because it has been named as wave, . shall it no longer be considered as water? Within the Supreme Brahmn, the worlds are like beads: Look upon that rosary with the eyes of wisdom.”
o KAHLIL GIBRAN –”When you are sorrowful look again in your heart, andyou shall see that in truth you are weeping for that which has been your delight.”
o KAHLIL GIBRAN –”You pray in your distress and in your need, would that thou might pray also in the fullness of your joy and in your days of abundance.”
o KAHLILGIBRAN –”People ofOrphalese, beauty is life when life unveils her holy face. But you are life and you are the veil. Beauty is eternity gazing at itself in a mirror. But you are eternity and you are the mirror.”
o KALIDASA –”When the water of the Ganges and the water of the Yamuna mingle, it appears as though diamonds and sapphires were woven together in a string; as though a flock of white swans had suddenly run into another flock of black swans; as though a garland of white lotus-buds was interspersed with blue lotuses; as though a streak of lightning had merged into a sheet of darkness; as though a clear blue sky was spotted with wooly clouds of autumn.”
o KAPIL SIBAL –”This traumatic experience is unacceptable. ‘I don’t think children in our country should study under pressure.”
o KARL KRAUS –”How is the world ruled and how do wars start? Diplomats tell lies to journalists and then believe what tfwy read.”
o KATHA UPANISHAD –”He who has not first turned away from his wickedness, who is not tranquil, and subdued, or whose mind is not at rest, he can never obtain the Self (even) by knowledge.”
o KISHORE ASTHANA –”I met a man in/ Varanasi/ In a narrow/ lane/ Eyes like/ pools, dark and deep/ Lit in a/ leonine mane Sitting by the/ wayside/ Reading a holy/ book/ As i passed by,/ he said something/ And stopped me/ with a look In silence i/ stood, as he/ Scanned me up/ and down/ Then smiled a/ ruefulsmile/And slowly/ eased his frown He spoke and in/his voice/1 heard ancients/ of yore/ You’ve been/ called many times/But you follow/ the Path no more Look inside/ and you will see/If your actions/ are just and true/ You are here/ for a purpose/You haven’t/ forgotten, have you?”
o KISHORE ASTHANA –”My body Daughter of the earth Moves with the Earth Mymind Is a whirling dervish Dancing a dance Ofecstasy Faster and faster Till an eddy forms And all escapes Into nothingness Leaving me In a place beyond words The body forgotten The mind drained All is still And, in the calm The universes, silently, Expand in me As All-That-Is becomes All I Can Be.”
o KORAN SINGH –”The Entire Cosmos is all pervaded by the same divine power. There is no ultimate duality inhuman existence or in consciousness… The Newtonian-CartesianMarxist paradigm of a materialistic universe has now been finally abolished, it has collapsed in the face of the new physics. Our ancient seers had deeper insights into the nature of reality than people had even until very recently.”
o LALLA DED –”Now i saw a stream flowing; Now neither bank nor bridge was seen. Now i saw a bush in bloom; Now neither rose nor thorn was seen.”
o LANCET &UCL; REPORT –”Effects of climate change on health will… put the lives and well-being of billions of people at increased risk.”
o LAO TZU –”Silence is a source of great strength.”
o LEO BEENHAKKER –”A hobby is only fun if you do not have time to do it.”
o LEONELDRED –”If i’d known! was going to live so long, i’d have taken better care of myself… (and the planet?”
o LEWIS SMEDES –”To forgive is to set a prisoner free and discover that the prisoner was you.”
o LISA RANDALL –”The problem with detecting the fifth dimension (or the sixth, seventh, and so on) is that our bodies are built to measure only the three old-fashioned spatial dimensions, plus time as a fourth dimension. .. but the possibility of discovery of many more dimensions is tantalising, even probable, some time in the distant future.”
o MAHARISHIMAHESH YOGI –”Brahmn is spoken of as Sat-Chit-Ananda but includes what is not Sat, what is not Chit, and what is not Ananda. It is beyond speech and thought, yet the whole range of thought and speech lies wi-thin It. ‘Within It’ and -without It’ are just expressions, and like any other expressions about Brahmn they do justice neither to Brahmn nor to the speaker nor to the listener.” o MAHARISHIMAHESH YOGI –”Brahmn is that which cannot be expressed in words, even though the Upanishads use words to educate about Its nature.” o MAHARISHIMAHESH YOGI –”Brahmn is the value of our life and the truth of it is that it is lived’with ease’.”
o MAHARISHIMAHESH YOGI –”In the field of speech, Brahmn lies between two contrary statements. It is absolute and relative at the same time. It is the eternal imperishable even while It is ever changing. It is said to be both This and That.” o MAHARISHIMAHESH YOGI –”The Bhagavad Gita (Chapter 2.29) speaks of It as a “wonder”, for it is not anything that can be conceived of intellectually; it is not anything that can be appreciated by emotion…” o MAHARISHIMAHESH YOGI –”Words are inadequateto encompass That which is the unlimited fullness of transcendental Being and the fullness of active life at the same time.” o MAHARISHIMAHESHYOGI –”Brahmn, which is an all-pervading mass of bliss, does not exhibit any quality of bliss. It may be likened to a mass of energy-matter which does not exhibit any quality of energy…” o MAHATMA GANDHI –”And then the Kumbh Mela arrived. It was a great moment for me. I have never tried to seek holiness or divinity as a pilgrim, but 1.7 million people cannot be hypocrites.”
o MAMANGDAI –”Everything has life rocks, stones, trees, rivers, hills, and all life is sacred. This is called Donyi-Polo, literally meaning Donyi-Sun, and Polo-moon as the physical manifestation of a supreme deity, or what i like to interpret as’world spirit’.”
o MAMMOHAM SINGH –”The five years in front of us could well be a decisive half-decade.”
o MANMOHAN SINGH –”There are reforms waiting to be taken up at all levels of government.”
o MANMOHAN SINGH –”We wanted to do a thorough exercise, looking at experience and availability of talent.”
o MARCEL PROUST –”The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes.”
o MARK ADELSON –”If all you’ve had for the past three weeks is pizza tuna fish looks pretty good.”
o MARK HELPRIN –”Well-timed silence is the most commanding expression.”
o MARYAMANNES –”Borders are scratched across our hearts by strangers with a calm, judicial pen. When the borders bleed we watch with dread the lines of ink along the map turn red.”
o MASAMI SATO –”People who give more of their time, money, kindness, love and ideas have more of these things because that’s the balance. And balance is the natural law of life.”
o MATTHEW –”If you are offering your gift at the altar, and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there before the altar and go; first be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift.”
o MEPPATHUR NARAYANA BHATTATIRI –”Full of pride, King Mahabali says to Vishnu, incarnated as amana, the diminutive ‘rahmin: ‘How is it that you beg of me, the master of the worlds, only for hree feet of earth? You must be a fool to do so. Why not ask for the whole earth? since Ball’s pride had to be adicated before the king became eligible for the attainment of eternal »eace, he was subject to ondage on his failure to ?ift the full three feet of ,nd, however undeserving of this he might have een in other respects… When the Asura king made a gift of all his possessions to Thee withoutthe least lesitation, rishis and devas showeredflowers. As the worlds looked on, Thy form grew bigger and bigger to cosmic dimensions…”
o MK GANDHI –”I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent.”
o MK GANDHI –”In the attitude of silence the soul finds the path in a clearer light, and what is elusive and deceptive resolves itself into crystal clearness. Our life is a long and arduous quest after Truth.”
o MOOT MANTRA –”There is but one God; His name is Truth; He is the Creator; He fears none nor does He hate anyone. He is in the image of the Eternal.”
o MOTHER TERESA –”We need to find God,. and he cannot be found in noise and restlessness. God is the friend of silence. See how nature – trees, flowers, grassgrows in silence; see the stars, the moon and the sun, how they move in silence… We need silence to be able to touch souls.”
o MUNICH –”Forget peace for now. We have to show them were strong.”
o NELSON MANDELA –”Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us. We ask ourselves, who am i to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented and fabulous? Actually, who are you NOT to be? You are a child of God. Your playing small doesn’t serve the world. There’s nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people won’t feel insecure around you. We were born to make manifest the glory of God that is within us. It’s not just in some of us; it is in everyone. And as we let our own light shine, we consciously give other people permission to do the same.”
o NEW JAIN PRAYER –”If shot by a gun or pistol, or beaten by a stick, if bound and thrown into a prison, May i lose my body, but not my noble forgiveness.”
o NEWS REPORT –”Rebellious Rajasthan BJP leader Vasundhara Raje’s camp on Monday stated that the former chief minister will not step down as assembly’s leader of the opposition. Raje’s loyalists insisted that she will continue to hold the post till the next assembly elections.”
o NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI –”I’m not interested in preserving the status quo; I want to overthrow it.”
o NITIN GADKARI –”Try to make your own shadow bigger, not to cut someone else down to size.”
o OLDJAINPRAYER –”I grant forgiveness to all living beings May all the living beings please forgive me. I have friendship with all the living beings. I have no hostility towards anyone.”
o OLYMPIA DUKAKIS –”I think we have to be careful about what we label as a prerequisite for spirituality. I don’t think you have to know a lot to have a spiritual life, but knowing gives life richness.”
o ORSON REGA CARD –”Among my most priced possessions are words that I have never spoken.”
o OSHO –”Outside there is traffic noise, inside there is also traffic noise – the traffic in the head. So many thoughts – trucks and buses of thoughts and trains and airplanes of thoughts, rushing in every direction. But you are simply sitting aloof, unconcerned, watching everything with no evaluation.”
o OSHO –”Remain in wonder if you want the mysteries to open up for you. Mysteries never open up for those who go on questioning. Questioners sooner or later end up in a library. Questioners sooner or later end up with scriptures, because scriptures are full of answers. And answers are dangerous, they kill your wonder. All the Buddhas of all the ages have been telling you a very simple fact: Be don’t try to become. Within these two words, be and becoming, your whole life is contained. Being is enlightenment, becoming is ignorance.”
o OSHO –”The experience of bliss will give you an insight into the very phenomenon of beauty. Not only does it make you beautiful, it suddenly transforms the whole world. The whole world becomes beautiful because the world reflects you, it is a mirror.”
o OSHO –”The truth is, i am, there fore i think. We exist first and then express ourselves as bodies in physical dimension.”
o OWENS LEE POMEROY –”Nostalgia is like a grammar lesson: You find the present tense, but the past perfect.”
o PARAMAHANSA YOGANANDA –”So long as we believe in our heart of hearts that our capacity is limited and we grow anxious and unhappy, we are lacking in faith. One who truly trusts in God has no right to be anxious about anything.”
o PARAMHANSA YOGANANDA –”In the universal sense, love is the divine power of attraction in Creation that harmonises, unites, binds together…”
o PAUL MAC CREADY JR –”Your grandchildren wiU likely find it incredibk — or even sinful—that you burned up a gallon of gasoline to fetch a pack of cigarettes!”
o PAULA COLE –”It’s me who is my enemy Me who beats me up Me who makes the monsters Me who strips my confidence.”
o PETER DRUCKER –”
o PHRA AJAHN PONGSAK TECHATHAMMO –”The balance of nature is achieved and regulated by the functions of the forest. So the survival of the forest is essential to the survival of siladhamma [harmony] and our environment. It’s all interdependent. When we protect the forest we protect the world. When we destroy the forest we destroy that balance.”
o POONAM SRIVASTAVA –”The mirror Fogged by steam Momentarily Rendered invalid With blinded reflection Moments later The fog cleanses the mirror Reflecting brighter images Than before.”
o POPE JOHN PAUL II –”so that it will lead to practical programmes and initiatives. An awareness of the relationship between God and humankind brings a fuller sense of the importance of the relationship between human beings and the natural environment, which is God’s creation and which God entrusted to us to guard with wisdom and love.”
o PRAFUL PATEL –”Growth of the sector in the past few years has brought about its own challenges.”
o PRANAB MUKHERJEE –”We have good ties with the Left. But they have never kept pace with the developments.”
o PRATIBHA KORAN –”The holy month ofRamzan (or Ramadan as they say in West Asia) is a month of prayer, austerity and charity – and fasting constitutes its most important component. Perhaps because of this, Ramzan is equally associated with food, of feasting as much as fasting… Soon, it will be Eid… Iftar parties, too, have become celebrations of good food, .with biryanis and pulaos taking pride of place.”
o PRATIBHA PATIL –”My government is determined to work harder and better to realise (its) goals.”
o PRATIBHA PATIL –”There is a need to focus urban housing programmes on the poor living in slums.”
o PROPHET MOHAMMAD –”Shall I not inform you of a better act than fasting, alms, and prayers? Making peace between one another: enmity and malice tear up heavenly rewards by the roots…”
o PSALM –”Hethatdwellethin the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty.”
o PSALMS –”But as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth: I humbled my soul with fasting; and my prayer returned into mine own bosom.”
o QURAN –”If they seek peace, then seek you peace. And trust in God for He is the One that heareth and knoweth all things.”
o QURAN –”No creature is there crawling on the earth, no bird fly ing with its wings, but they are nations like yourselves. We have neglected nothing in the Book; then to their Lord they shall be mustered.”
o QURAN –”Our Lord! Forgive us our sins as well as those of our brethren who preceded us in faith and let not our heart entertain any unworthy thoughts or feelings against [any of] those who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness and most merciful.”
o QURAN –”Our Lord! Grant us good in this world and good in the life to come and keep us safe from the torment of the Fire.”
o QURAN –”Our Lord! You embrace all things within Your Grace and Knowledge, forgive those who repentand follow Your path, and ward off from them the punishment of Hell. Our Lord! Make them enter the Garden of Eden, which You have promised to them, and to the righteous from among their fathers, their wives and their offspring, for verity You are alone the Almighty and the truly Wise.”
o RABINDRANATH TAGORE –”The fish in the water is silent, the animal on the earth is noisy, the bird in the air is singing. But man has in him the silence of the sea, the noise of the earth and the music of the air. The meaning of our self is not to be found in its separateness from God and others, but in the ceaseless realization of yoga, of union. The newer people, of this modem age, are more eager to amass than to realise.”
o RACHEL CARSON –”Every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death.”
o RAHUL GANDHI –”India belongs to Indiansand every part of India belongs to every Indian.”
o RALPH WALDO EMERSON –”A hero is no braver than an ordinary man, but he is braver five minutes longer.”
o Rama had performed Chandi Horn (sacrificial fire) and invoked the blessings ofDurga to overcome Ravana. Durga blessed Rama with the secret to accomplish the task. Ravana was defeated in his kingdom of Lanka by Rama and the monkey army, the vanarsena. Rama with Sita and Lakshmana returned victorious to his kingdom ofAyodhya on the Ashwin Shukia dashami. This victory is since then celebrated as.” o RAMAKRISHNA PARAMHANSA –”I have now come to a stage of realisation in which i see that God is walking in every human form and manifesting Himself alike through sage and sinner, the virtuous and the vicious. Therefore when i meet different people i say to myself: “God in the form of the saint, God in the form of the sinner, God in the form of the righteous. God in the form of the unrighteous.”
o RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE –”Why Krishna? Krishna means Shyam, the dark One and not exactly black It is said that Krishna was born on the dark night ofAshtami, hence he came to be called Krishna. ‘Krishna’, apart from the well-known meaning ‘the dark One’, also has another meaning – ‘the attractive One’. The ; Sanskrit root is ‘karsh’ which means ‘to pull’, ‘to attract’, whichhas come down to Hindi and other Indian languages in words like ‘akarshan’.”
o RICHARD GORDON –”There’s nothing like an airport for bringing you down to earth.”
o RICHARD HOLBROOKE –”We need to put the most heavy possible pressure on our funds in Pakistan to Join us in the fight against the Taliban…”
o RIG VEDA –”Waters contain/All disease- dispelling medicaments,/ Useful for the upkeep of our body,/ So that we may live long/ To enjoy the bright sun./ That there is ambrosia in waters,/ There is healing balm in them,/ And there are medicinal herbs,/ Know this all,/ And by their proper use become wiser.”
o ROBERT HALF –”There are some who start their retirement long before they stop working.”
o RONALD REAGAN –”You can’t massacre an idea, you cannot run tanks over hope.”
o SACHIN PILOT –”I am just happy at being given an opportunity to discharge responsibilities.”
o SALMAN RUSHDIE –”I hate admitting that my enemies have a point.”
o SAM PITRODA –”It is very important that in India today we have a strong government… We don’t want to lose the momentum.”
o SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE –”
o SARAH McLACHLAN –”Happiness is like a cloud, if you stare at it long enough, it evaporates.”
o SHAKESPEARE –”How can my Muse want subject to invent.While thou dost breathe, that pour’st into my verse Thine own sweet argument? …Be thou the tenth Muse, ten times more in worthThan those old nine which rhymers invocate.”
o SHAKTI GAWAIN –”The people we are in relationship with are always a mirror, reflecting our own beliefs, and simultaneously we are mirrors, reflecting their beliefs. So… relationship is one of the most powerful tools for growth…. If we look honestly at our relationships, we can see so much about how we have created them.”
o SIDNEY JM LOW –”Nothing more impressive, picturesque, and pregnant with meaning and significance than Kumbh Mela can be witnessed in all of India.”
o SKANNAN, VEDVIKAS –”We are never alone as a species in the Universe. Wearealsointer-connected with the Earth, Sun, Moon and other planets orbiting in their appointed domains. In the ultimate reality, nothing remains unconnected in the cosmos. Aligning one’s consciousness in line with the principles of natural law, we can march towards perfection. .. Maintenance of natural order and pristine ecological balance is the sine qua non for ensuring well-being. The Vedas specify four types of living beings, namely, andaja – born of eggsJivaja-bornof ^ womb.svedaja.-bornof moisture and udbhijaborn of earth and declare that these are impelled by Prajnanam; or consciousness.”
o SM KRISHNA –”We will resist the forces of terrorism resolutely and with firmness and determination.”
o SOCRATES –”A life that is unexamined is not worth living.”
o SONIA GANDHI –”The people of India know what is good for them and they always make the right choice.”
o SPIRITUALPLATFORM.ORG –”Many dreamers have described the ability to fly in their dreams as a liberating experience. Flying with ease and looking down at the landscape below signifies that you are prepared and on top o; a situation or that you have risen above something. It may also mean that you have gained a different perspective on things. Flying dreams and your ability to control your flight is representative of your own personal sense of power. Having difficulties staying in flight signifies your own lack of power in controlling your own circumstances… If you are feeling fear when you are flying or that you feel that you are flying too high, it suggests that you are afraid of challenges and of success.”
o SRI NARAYANA GURU –”Everyone, in every way, strives always to ctualise sel^happiness. This faith in self-happiness is so in all the worlds.”
o SRI SATHYA SAI BABA –”Education has two aspects; the first is related to external and worldly education, which is nothing but acquiring bookish knowledge. In the modern world, we find many well versed and highly qualified in this aspect The second aspect known is related to human values – that which is within. Human values are latent in every human being; one cannot acquire them from outside. They have to be elicited from within.”
o SRI SATHYA SAI BABA –”God is the Sun and when His rays fall upon your heart, not impeded by the clouds of egoism, the lotus blooms and the petals unfold.”
o SRI SATHYA SAI BABA –”Man is lost and is wandering in a jungle where real values have no meaning. Real values can have meaning to man only when he steps on to the spiritual path, a path where negative emotions have no use.”
o SRI SATHYA SAIBABA –”As long as you have attachment to the body and attachment to ob, jects, fear and suffering will be with you. Therefore Krishna told Arjuna to develop his discrimination and rid himself of body consciousness. He told him that once he was free of body consciousness he would be able to develop integral vision. Embodiments of Love, Mankind today has three types of vision. The first is body-oriented vision, which is totally superficial. When you have this kind of vision you see only the external appearance of others, such as the clothes and the orna- ments they wear, their facial features, their body characteristics, their peculiarities of speech, etc. This type of vision is oriented only towards the phenomenal world. The second kind of vision is insightful vision.”
o SRI SRI RAVI SHANKAR –”You have been given the highest blessing, the most precious knowledge on this planet. You are the Divine Self; you are part of the Self. Walk with that confidence. It’s not arrogance. It’s Love.”
o SRI SRIRAVI SHANKAR –”We need to be aware of our own selves, our body, our breath, our mind, how the mind works. So the first thing that a student was given was to make him realise “Who you are?” Get confident.”
o STEPHEN KING –”A life of giving-not just money, but time and spirit – repays. It helps us remember that we may be going out broke, but right now we’re doing OK. Right now we have the power to do great good for others and for ourselves.”
o STEVIE WONDER –”Just because a man lacks the use of his eyes doesnt mean he lacks vision.”
o SUFI PROVERB –”I searched for God and found only myself. I searched for myself and found only God.”
o SUN MYUNG MOON –”The order of existence in the universe is rooted in acting for the sake of others. The world of true peace, love and the ideal is both the ideal of God’s creation and the desire of humankind. Therefore, the origin of happiness and peace lies in livingfor the sake of others.”
o SWAMI MUNI NARAYANA PRASAD –”The world Sri Narayana Guru thought of is not merely the physical ne… it is not merely the here and now. It is the physical and mental orlds… it is the here and the hereafter together. The ultimate reality he perceives is the Substance that unfolds itself as “this world”. He called the reality as atian. The mysterious cretive potential hidden in his equally mysterious tman, to unfold itself as all these worlds from itself, is called maya. ^tman is consciousness r arivu, also called cit or mivit. Narayana Guru’s examples were simple. Takea piece of cloth. analyse it and the cloth isappears into its thread content. Analyse that nd it disappears into the being of cotton fibres. analyse the fibre, and it isappears into the being Fthe five basic elements; Fhese elements in their ure form exist nowher except as principles. The existence of any principle, in its turn, is only as i knowledge setting for mulated in Consciousness or mind, and thus it is Consciousness or irivu or cit that appears is the basic elements as fibre, as threads, as cloth and finally as verything in the world.”
o SWAMI PARTHASARATHY –”It is not the world that distresses you but how you relate to it.”
o SWAMI RAMDAS –”Foryou the world outside will now stand transformed as the very expression or manifestation of God, everywhere the Light of God will dazzle your eyes; even in the apparent diversity and activityofnature you will strangely be conscious of an all-pervading stillness and peace of the Eternal, a consciousness which is unshakably permanent. You will also feel that you are liberated from the harassing dualities of lift followed by the crownini experience of an abiding state of ineffable ecstasy.”
o SWAMI TYAGARUPANANDA –”This deep self-confidence, uncompromising quest for Truth is a lesson for all of us.”
o SWAMI VIBUDHESHA TEERTHA –”Do not use anything belonging to nature such as oil, coal or forest, at a greater rate than you can replenish it. For example, do not destroy birds, fish, earthworms and even bacteria which play vital ecological roles – once they are annihilated you cannot recreate them.”
o SWAMI VIUEKANANDA –”The secret of life is education through experience.”
o SWAMI VIVEKANANDA –”Karma is the eternal assertion of human freedom. If we can bring ourselves down by our karma, surely it is in our power to raise ourselves by our own karma.”
o SWAMI VIVEKANANDA –”The history of the world is the history of a few men who had faith in themselves. That faith calls out the divinity within. You can do anything!”
o SYDNEY J. HARRIS –”Men make counterfeit money; in many more cases, money makes counterfeit men.”
o THE IV DALAI LAMA –”With realisation of your own potential and self-confidence in your ability, you can build a better world, a better life.”
o THE KINKS –”Girls will be boys and boys will be girls/ It’s a mixed up, muddled up, shook up world.”
o THE RIVER –”Do not stay too long by the river. The river is a wayward god. It is an elephant, a lion. Sometimes they call it horse; One summer we thought it was a peacock, turning in the yellow sand filling our eyes with gold. I saw a woman floating in a lily pond in a mountain covered in mist, wrapped in a cloud streaming with tendrils and pollen dust I thought the river is a woman. A country, a name, A note of music trapped in the white current A sheet of paper carrying a secret map The skyline is where it begins between the darkness and the summit in the birthplace of thirst, Do not stay too long by the river. It is a drowning spirit, A strong armed god drawing and withdrawing such seasonsFlowing river, standing still; River sea. River ocean. River of all our summers collecting the salt of our lives.”
o THE RIVER KNOWS –”The best six doctors anywhere And no one can deny it Are sunshine, water, rest, and air Exercise and diet. These six will gladly you attend If only you are willing Your mind they’11 ease Your will they’11 mend And charge you not a shilling.”
o THE XIV DALAI LAMA –”The essence of spiritual practice is your attitude towards others. Whe you have a pure, since motivation, then you have right attitude to wards others based on kindness, compassion, love and respect.”
o THE XIV DALAI LAMA –”We are human beings, and we have this marvellous brain and marvellous heart, so there is potential to develop a proper mental attitude, through which we can have a happy, more peaceful life… Through difficult experiences, life sometimes becomes more meaningful.”
o THICH NHATHANH –”We have to respect the lives of animals, the vegetable and mineral realms and the earth itself.”
o THIRUMURAI –”The Lord is both inside and outside, form and no form. He is both the flood and the bank. He is the broad-rayed sun. Himself the highest mystery, He is in all hidden thoughts. He is thought and meaning, and embraces all who embrace Him.”
o VANAPARVAN –”At Meru the sun and the moon go round from left to right (pradakshinam) every day, and so do all the stars. The mountain, by its lustre, so overcomes the darkness of night, that the night can hardly be distinguished from the day. The day and the night are together equal to a year to the residents of the place.”
o VEDIC PRAYER –”0 Lord Lead Us From The Unreal To The Real, Lead Us From Untruth To Truth, Lead Us From Darkness To Light, Lead Us From Death To Immortality, Oh God Let There Be Peace, Peace, Peace.”
o VEDICHYMNS –”Always worship The Sun’ (our energy source) sitting at the centre of his galaxy on Lotus, wearing Keyoor, Makarkundal crown and holding conch, chakra and having glittering golden body… 0, radiant Sun rising in the sky, please destroy the disease in my heart as well as diseases of my external body. Let inner and outer diseases of my body be destroyed by brilliantly shining Sun – the son ofAditi… Those who perform Surya Namaskars daily, do not face poverty in life (this actually relates to richness of health, not financial matters), one does not face early death or suffer from diseases. Drink the water kept before the Sun…”
o VIJAYADASHAMI –”Vijayadashami is an auspicious day in South India for starting formal education. Students keep their books aside and workers their tools on the Durgashtami or eight day ofNavratri, only to start afresh after offering prayers on the tenth day” o VINOBA BHAVE –”In the age of science we have to rise above all faiths and develop one manava dharma. Our perception will continue to expand due to science, and expanded consciousness is dharma. I have full faith that dharma will be established on the foundation of science.”
o W.EDWARDS DOMING –”It is not necessary to change. Survival is not mandatory.”
o WAYNE DYER –”All of us have the capacity to attract to ourselves what seems to be missing in our lives.” o WAYNE DYER –”How people treat you is their karma; how you react is yours.”
o WH AUDEN –”To choose what is difficult all one’s days, as if it were easy, that is faith.” o WILLIAM FEATHER –”Every social injustice is not only cruel, but it is economic wastes.” o WILLIAM HAZLITT –”I hate to be near the sea, and to hear it roaring and raging like a wild beast in its den. It puts me in mind of the everlasting efforts of the human mind, struggling to be free, and ending just where it began.”
o WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN –”Destiny is no matter of chance. It is a matter of choice. It is not a thing to be waited for; it is a thing to be achieved.” o WILLIAM PENN –”No pain, no palm; no thorns, no throne; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown.” o WILLIAM ROSS WALLACE –”Every man dies – not every man really lives.” o WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE –”Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie Which we ascribe to heaven.”
o WILLIAM SHATNER –”Sci-fi films are the epic films of the day because we can no longer put 10,000 extras in the scene – but we can draw thousands of aliens with computers.” o WILSON MIZNER –”A fellow who is always declaring he’s no fool usually has his suspicions.”
o WINSTON CHURCHILL –”Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak. Courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.” o WINSTON CHURCHILL –”I am ready to meet my Maker. Whether my Maker is prepared for the ordeal of meeting me is another matter.”

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Exciting tea party themes can add a fun twist to a traditional idea and thrill the special young lady in your life.

Little girls spend countless hours hosting imaginary tea parties – meticulously arranging miniature cups and saucers, expertly pouring invisible tea, and mastering the art of casual chitchat to a captive audience of teddy bears and dolls. Young ladies love tea parties because they make them feel beautiful, sophisticated, and very grown up. So why not make all those childhood dreams come true and plan a party that they will never forget?

1. Princess Tea Party. Every girl dreams of being a beautiful princess in her own Cinderella story, so play the fairy godmother and grant her the wish of spending a surreal afternoon in a breathtaking fairytale. Ask guests to come in elegant, fancy dresses, and make sure that each princess is crowned with a bejeweled tiara. Glitter, jewels, royal colors, sumptuous teacakes, and dainty cups and saucers will transform an ordinary tea party into a grand ball fit for a princess!

2. Valentine’s Tea. Valentine’s Day is a time to honor and recognize special friendships, and young ladies can celebrate by hosting a red and white tea party that is full of heart. Imagine how special each guest will feel when they are presented with a red rose and invited to partake of delicious heart-shaped treats while sipping savory red teas and sparkling punches.

3. Christmas Tea. Young ladies can come dressed in their festive finery and enjoy an afternoon of spiced tea, Christmas cookies, and fun holiday games. Test their knowledge with Christmas trivia, make a tree decoration, or even stuff stockings for underprivileged children in the community.

4. Tropical Tea. Celebrate summer with a beach themed tea party where guests come in Hawaiian shirts and leis, and tables are laden with fruit bowls or tropical flowers. Young ladies can learn the art of hula dancing while enjoying the refreshment of fruity teas and exotic fruits. An ice cream bar may also be a tasty addition.

5. Victorian Tea. Take a trip back in time and experience an age where refinement and sophistication ruled. Ask guests to come dressed in true 1800s style and enjoy an afternoon of parlor games and dainty petite fours. Decorate a hand fan or fancy hat, and even take time for a fashion show.

6. Alice in Wonderland Tea. Encourage guests to “not be late for a very important date” as they are invited to jump through the magic rabbit hole and enter a wonderland of mismatched tea cups, “eat me” “drink me” signs, and multicolored decorations. Make your own Mad Hatter hats and engage in an exciting game of croquet on the outdoor lawns.

7. International Tea Party. Ask guests to come dressed in the traditional attire of various countries as they take a trip to the World’s Fair. Decorate with flags, national flowers, and authentic symbols, and challenge the young ladies to sample international teas. Whether India’s Darjeeling, Africa’s Rooibos, Thailand’s Cha-Yen, or China’s Longjing, guests will spend an afternoon traveling the world and experiencing the taste of various cultures.

8. Garden Tea. Elegant tablecloths, fresh flower bouquets, and fancy dresses will transform a typical backyard into tasteful estate grounds. After a fashionable buffet of iced tea and finger foods, young ladies can try their hand at flower arranging, make a craft, or play lawn bowling and other simple party games.

9. Mother/Daughter Tea. Mothers and daughters can dress up in their finest and enjoy an exquisite afternoon of reconnecting and catching up while sipping tea and nibbling delicacies. Have a little fun by giving each other a makeover, test guest’s knowledge by taking a mother/daughter quiz, or show off expert poses with a mother/daughter photo shoot.

10. Father/Daughter Tea. Young ladies love to dress up and spend an afternoon enjoying their father’s undivided attention. Plan a tea where dads have the opportunity to treat their little princesses like royalty for a day, even sharing in a special father/daughter dance.

Tea parties are becoming a popular choice for every age group and any occasion. Choose from a variety of tea party themes and begin planning today!

Marcia Schwanger has worked in the tea party and hospitality business for over 20 years and created www.tea-party-circle.com to share her knowledge and ideas. Plan your next party around one of the creative tea party themes she details.

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Should France ban the full veil?

Should France ban the full veil?
France’s lower house of parliament has approved a ban on wearing the Islamic full veil in public. Is this right?

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INTRODUCTION

 

Education, is a modern word, which is derived from the Latin word ‘educase’, means to nourish, to cause to grow (Patel: 1991 : viii). Education also prevails in illiterate societies, where it is imparted orally and by mass behavior. A member of primitive society learns to earn his livelihood, to do good works, to obey spiritual beings and also superstitions etc from the elders of the society and bind by its laws and regulations. These are the education for them. We the modern people do mean “education as reading and writing. This is also true. By modern education a person can able to increase his knowledge and expand his vision and avail the fruits or development. Hence modern education can play the role of “Catalyst” in bringing sea changes in the sphere of social, political, economic fields. One of the important reasons for failure of development activities in the society by various developmental agendas is the prevalence of acute illiteracy and ignorance, combined with superstitions among the rural masses. Hence to ward off economic backwardness, social deprivation spreading of education is regarded as one of the most effective and forward-looking instruments (Patel: 1991:26). Another reason of failure of education is superstition among the tribal. Superstitions like “reading would make their eyes drop out of their sockets” etc. is also responsible for not spreading of education, so no remarkable progress could be achieved within next 10 years (Behera : 1984:76). Accordingly O.J. Millman, a Baptist Missionary set up a school in 1914 at Gudripadi near G.Udayagiri (Boal : 1963: 61). As Government experienced, acute caste discrimination prevailing among the students as well as parents, the Govt. was forced to set up separate schools for ST and SC students. Lord Dalhousie, the then Viceroy of British India appointed Mr. Charles Wood who was the Chairman of Board of Controll on 19th July 1853 to review the progress of education in India and to suggest way-out for its improvement and to frame new laws and regulations. Accordingly, he had submitted his report in the year 1854, which was known as Woods’ Dispatch. As such post of Director of Public Instructions was created in Bombay, Bengal and in Madras presidency

 

exclusively to look after development of education. As suggested in Wood’s Dispatch, the medium of instruction should be in mother language. Another Commission was also set up for reformation and development of education in the year 1882, known as Hunter Commission. Lord Curzon organized an all India conference in the year 1901 at Simla to review the progress and to find out faults in education, which was the first conference in India in the history of education. The proceedings of the said conference were published in 1904, which was known as Curzon’s Proclamation. That proclamation was an important document where emphasis was given regarding Syllabus, appointment of teachers and monetary assistance to schools and the importance of the provincial Governments to promote mass education. Administrative reformation law by Montague Chelmsford was published in the year 1919, where complete responsibility was laid down for education on provincial Governments. Hence Education Act of Madras Presidency was framed in 1920. Accordingly financial assistance was provided with to schools regularly and special responsibility was also given to District Boards and Local Boards. Again Hartog Commission was set up in 1929 where emphasis was given to promote mass education and to eradicate wastage and stagnation problem Christian Missionaries also took an important role for development of education in backward classes of this district.  Missionaries also created awareness among the tribal towards education. Schools were also set up for ST and SC students by tribal Welfare department of Government after independence.  Secondly, ignorance and superstitions play a major set back for spread of education in the district. People of the remote area are superstitious and addicted to blind beliefs. So they do not understand the value of education. Thirdly, a vital reason for the drop out problem of tribal students is their prevailing cultural process and life style, which hardly creates conducive environment for spreading of education.

 

The poverty of tribal people doesn’t permit them to keep clean their home environment. They don’t get nutritious food. So tribal children often fall ill. The parents could not treat them timely due to economic scarcity. So they suffer for a long period. During suffering the child remains absent from school and after recovering from illness he loses his appetite for study. However there are few other reasons, which may also be responsible for drop-out

 

 

 

                             The tribal are the children of nature and their lifestyle is conditioned by the eco-system. India due to its diverse ecosystems has a wide variety of tribal population. Tribes people constitute 8.14% of the total population of the country, numbering 84.51 million (2001 Census). There are 697 tribes notified by the Central Government under Article 342 of the Indian Constitution with certain tribes being notified in more than one State. More than half the Scheduled Tribe population is concentrated in the States of Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Jharkhandand Gujarat whereas in Haryana, Punjab, Delhi, Pondicherry and Chandigarh no community has been notified as a Scheduled Tribe. Due to isolation, unawareness and exploitation tribes in India facing economic and social problems. They live generally in inhospitable terrain   where productivity of soil is low and their hamlets are found in forest areas along with the hill streams., India has the largest concentration of tribal population in the world .A tribe is a group comprising families, alone, or generation having its own customs, occupying a specific geographic territory and being independence of or having little contact with the dominant national society of the country in which they live.. Tribals of our country (India) resides in such a territory, which is marked by the presence of hills, forest, islands, mountains, seacoasts etc. They live in a special geographical territory. That is why, some scholars see tribe as a territorial group. Tribals have to face a number of problems due to their isolated residences situated in remote areas. But they are closely and emotionally related to their lands and forest. There are no communications facilities between the various isolated tribal group as well as between the tribal and the world at large. They accept all outsiders in their territory that create more problem than benefits to the tribal communities.  Due to exploitation from various stakeholders tribals are now facing a lot of problems .For promoting the welfare of schedule tribes and for rising the level of administration of schedules and tribal areas to the state level, Article 275 of the constitution provides grants in aid from consolidated fund of India to states for implementation of developmental programmes. And the article lies down as a Directive Principle of State Policy that the State should promote, with special care, the education and economic interest of the weaker sections.  The 10th Five Year Plan envisages a slightly different approach in Kerala. As far as Tribals development is concerned Tribals own neighborhood groups [Oorukoottams] are formed as basic units for the formulation and implementation of TSP and other Tribals Development Programmes. A new approach and strategies for the sustainable development of tribals in Kerala. In view of this the following suggestions are made. Top most priority should be given to elimination of poverty and reduction of unemployment among the tribals. Majority of the tribal population does not still enjoy the basic standards of Good life. Elimination of poverty requires macro as well as micro strategies. For this there have to be separate component plan for Scheduled Tribes and the disabled including family specific plans for improving quality of life as well as protecting and upgrading the land resources, value addition to the non-timber Forest Produce, high quality education, proper health, social security support etc. No conventional institutional options have to be tried out in the case of education, health, and economic development and so on where NGO’s with good track record could play a positive role. Preservation of tribal culture and fostering of their traditional knowledge have to be ensured hand in hand with their empowerment and all round socio-economic development. The Draft Comprehensive Master Plan prepared by the Government should be implemented in a time bound manner with greater emphasis on the primitive tribal groups with stress on Education; Land based Development, Implementation of Protective measures with added legal support etc. It is commitment of the State Government to distribute land to all landless tribals and to rehabilitate them in a phased manner and to help them to sustain their land. High priority should be given to the construction of Houses, electrification, Drinking Water, Sanitation facilities etc. The future tribal educational programmes would aim at primary and secondary educational facilities to all ST students through Institutions like MRS, centre of excellence, etc. Strengthening of pre-primary education with adequate nutritional care, merit up gradation programmes for equipping the ST students for appearing various Entrance Examinations and Civil Services Examinations, more emphasis on technical education including Information Technology, revision of mess charges on the tribal hostels etc., are major strategies proposed. The priority / thrust areas envisaged for the future Tribal Development are:

 

. Provision of minimum needs to the poor STs aimed at systematic human resource development so as to enable the youths to seek employment., All landless tribals / marginal farmers among the tribals are to be provided with cultivable land depending on availability and implement sustainable development programmes.; Micro enterprises would be promoted among tribal women through Kudumbashree.; Tribal Sub-Plan programmes will be integrated with anti-poverty sub-plan. ;Socio-Economic development programme for the benefit of poorest of the poor to bring them above poverty line.; Ensuring of high quality education to tribal students.; Pre-primary education and residential education will be strengthened further;. The existing tuition scheme will be modified to cater to the needs of all tribal students; Programmes for assisting dropouts and improving enrolment will be formulated; All Houseless families will be given houses in a phased manner.;. The rate of Scholarships [Lump sum grant / stipend etc] will be revised frequently; The problems of tribal families living within forest areas will be solved in collaboration with forest department.; Health care facilities will be strengthened by improving existing Health Extension Programmes in tribal areas tie-up with Health Department;.  High priority for the completion of pre-metric hostels and improving of their infrastructure facilities and revision of mess charges etc.  Massive awareness and literacy programmes with involvement of NGOs will be organised in the tribal areas; Programmes aimed at improving the brilliance of talented ST students will be formulated and implemented.; Training programmes such as IT Training will be arranged for the tribal students and programmes for ensuring jobs for tribals in the IT sector will be formulated.; The participation of the tribals in the industrial sector, even in the small scale and traditional sector is virtually nil. To change this situation suitable strategies can be formulated, the socio-economic conditions of the communities like Adiya, Paniya, Primitive Tribes, Hill Pulayan, Malapandaram etc., are very pathetic. In view of this specific, exclusive programmes can be chalked out for the development of these communities.,The problems of the families living in tribal rehabilitation projects like Sugandhagiri, Pookot Dairy Project, Attapady Cooperative farming society etc., will be solved with the participation of these families., It is proposed to give Health Insurance coverage to all backward tribal families in a phased manner., Remoteness is one hurdle, which prevents the overall and comprehensive development of tribals. This eludes the tribals from the infrastructural needs such as road, drinking water, electrification, hospital facilities, educational facilities etc. A comprehensive plan can be formulated to solve these problems.

 

.Plan State Schemes

 

,Schemes for providing better educational facilities to bright ST students., Bharath /Kerala Darshan programme to ST Students, Post -metric hostels for Tribal Students., Training On Information Technology,  Post-Metric Scholarship, Vocational Training Institutes, Award of Research Fellowship in various aspects of Tribal Development, Up gradation of merits of ST students, Special Incentive to Brilliant Students, Repairs and Maintenance of Tribal Hostel., Construction of Hostels for Boys and Girls., Purchase of Land for construction of hostels., Running and construction of 18 Model Residential/Ashram Schools., Grants to High school going SSLC/Plus-2 failed students for studying in tutorial

 

Methodology

 

A questionnaire was designed to capture data on various parameters. The data collected for this study by asking question from tribal students, tribal parents and authorities one who responsible for the development of tribal communities.

 

 Sample selection: This study has its focus on students defined as tribal. All students under the “below poverty line (BPL)” family category fell into our focus population. It is not our intention to debate the methodology adopted by the state in defining the tribal.  As the idea of the study is to look at what are the problem faced by tribal students from various stakeholders. This is based on the presumption that the findings would be used

 

for developing educational status of tribal people. We wanted to base the study in some of the most backward districts in India, the choice of Wayanad was made purposively. The selection of wayanad was driven not only by its general backwardness, but also the geographical backgrounds. Wayanad district stand first in the case of adivasi population (about 36%) among other district in the state.

Design of questionnaire: For collecting data, a detailed questionnaire was designed, with a view to capture education of tribal students.. The base data were the various problems faced by the students regarding their education from within the family and outside the family. Although the questionnaire was not divided into different stages, each question collected specific information.

 

Objectives: The important objectives of our study are-

 

1          To understand the problem of tribes students through empirical analysis.

 

2          To study the problem of students with in the family and outside the family.

 

3          To provide suggestion to different stake holders for developing tribal education

EDUCATION

 

 

 

The level of education is often viewed as an indicator of the the development of any country. Earlier, the welfare activities in the state for tribals mostly concentrated on educational programmes. Economic development of these communities leading to the creation of substantial assets and ownership of instruments of production through income generating training programmes received attention only from the sixth five-year plan period Traditionally  education has played a conservative role in relation the social process . A large portion of population has not allowed by the upper caste to recive education tribal are not exception to this, therefore the last five decade education became the monopoly of higher caste people. During the British period nothing much was done to improve Indian education system. The development of education during the post independence period has been conditioned by the natural goals and aspiration as enshrined in our constitution. Several committees and commission were formed to increase the educational status of nation. Large number of educational institution were opened in rural and tribal areas for spreading of education among the ST. Compared to the general educational level the status of tribal education is far below A number of schemes and incentives such as scholarship, free residential facilities, free books, and above all reservation of seats in educational institutions were introduced and implemented. These are the facilities provided by the government to ST but their problem still continuing. What is their problem? Is it social or economic or any others…

 

.. The main reason for the low level of education among tribes is the peculiar nature of their habitations. The social and economic conditions prevailing in the tribal settlements are not conducive for better education. Lack of sufficient educational institutions in tribal areas, poverty, inability to catch the children from pre-primary level, lack of nutritional and health care programmes, poor enrolment and drop out from high education etc., curtain the effective educational development among Scheduled Tribes. Moreover, the parents of the tribal children being generally illiterate cannot insist on their children attending classes regularly. In order to improve education among Scheduled Tribes, the primary efforts should be on eradication of poverty. The parents of the tribal children have to be provided with regular employment for earning income to meet their day-to-day requirements, which will help to send their children to school. Scheduled Tribe students have to be provided with boarding and lodging. Opening of more crèches/ Balwadies/ Nursery Schools, in tribal areas will not only promote early childhood education, but also lessen the burden of elder children in looking after the younger as and when the parents go for work. Lack of teachers in remote areas, general failure of tuition schemes, lack of skill development etc., are certain priority issues in the field of tribal education. A study made by the ST development department revealed that nearly 10% of the tribal habitats are very remote and lack even primary school facility with in a radius of 2 Kms. In fact the position has improved to some extent during the past 9 year’s time. However the school facilities in primitive tribal areas are poor; 71.95% of the PTGs are lacking School facilities within 1 KM area. The state has started multi-learning centres and single teacher schools for improving primary & pre-primary education in remote tribal areas. But the functioning of the Anganwadies in these areas needs further strengthening and proper improvement. In the 10th plan, the tribal educational programmes would aim at primary and secondary educational facilities for all eligible ST students especially those living in remote areas [main objectives is improvement of enrolment rates and arresting of drop out rates] improved facilities for high quality education and research for talented ST  students; centres of Excellence etc., strengthening of pre-primary education with adequate nutritional care, merit up-gradation programmes for equipping the ST students for appearing various entrance examinations and civil services examinations; more emphasis on technical education including Information Technology, restructuring of the present tuition programmes for failed as well as regular ST students. A thorough rejuvenation of tribal hostels necessary by improving the Academic qualification for wardens and cooks etc. High priority will be given for the completion of pre-metric hostels. Scheduled Tribes form one of the most backward sections of our country. Though there has been a gradual increase in their literacy rates since independence, the present position is far from satisfactory. On an average, the difference between the literacy rate of the General category and that of STs has been around 20%. Though it is a fact that literacy rate among tribals has gone up yet the decadal rate of growth of literacy is very slow as compared to the literacy rate of the general population. The literacy rate has increased by 6.78% in the decade 1971-81 and

 

16.00% during 1981-91 for the general population but in the case of Scheduled Tribes, the literacy rate has risen by 5.05% and 13.25% only for the period 1971-81 and 1981-

 

91 respectively. The gap between literacy rates of general population and STs has increased from 20% in 1981 to 23% in 1991. The literacy position is more unsatisfactory

 

in case of ST females, which is only 18.19% as against 39.23% for non SC/ST women

 

i.e. 8 out of every 10 ST women are illiterate. The difference (about 17%) in drop out rate is almost at the same level for Primary Education for the years 1980-81 and 1988-89, while for Middle Education it is about 14%. For Secondary Education, the drop out has increased from 9% to 11% for Scheduled Tribes as compared to the general population. So the rate of dropouts still remains much higher than the General population. At the Higher Education level, the participation of STs amounts to only 3.9% as against their population percentage of 8.08%. The enrolment ratios of ST girls and boys have continued to show a progressive trend along with the rest of the population. The other revealing factor was the better pace of progress maintained by STs at primary level (43.0%) over SCs (29.7%), especially that of ST girls (49.0%) over SC girls (37.3%) during 1981 to 1996. Above all, the overall progress made by STs in terms of enrolment ratios at primary and middle levels between 1980-81 and 1995-96 has been impressive, and they could be much better than the general population. Like all other sectors of socio-economic life, educationally the tribal people are at different levels of development but on the whole formal education has made very little impact on tribal groups. In the light of the previous efforts it is not shocking because prior to 1950, the Government of India had not direct programme for the education of the tribals. With the adoption of the constitution, the promotion of education of Scheduled Tribes has become a special responsibility of the Central as well as the State Governments. The rate of education among the tribals is not very encouraging.

Factors affecting Tribal Education

Attitude of Other Students: Attitude of other student is one of the important factors for the promotion of tribal student’s higher education ie, environment factor is one of the crucial factors for the development. The negative attitude we can reflected in  university and other higher educational centre mainly located in big cities.

 

Social Factors: More allocation of funds and opening of schools do not go far in providing education to the tribals. Formal education has not been necessary for the members of tribal societies to discharge their social obligations. Hence they should be prepared to accept education and it should be presented to them in such a way as to cut the barriers of superstition and prejudice. There is still a widespread feeling among the tribals that education makes their

 

boys defiant and insolent and alienates them from the rest of their society, while the girls

 

turn modern or go astray. Since some of their educated boys felt alienated and cut off their bonds with their families and villages after getting education and good employment. Some of the tribal groups vehemently oppose the spread of education in their midst. Besides, some of their superstitions and myths also play their part. Some tribal groups believe that their gods shall be angry if they send their children to schools run by ‘outsiders’.

 

Economic Factors: Some economic factors too are responsible for lack of interest shown by the tribal people in getting education. Since most of the tribal people are living in poverty, it is not easy for most of them to send their children to schools.

 

Lack of Interest in Formal Education: In many states tribal children are taught through the same books which from the curriculum of non-tribal children of the urban and rural areas of the rest of the state. Obviously, the content of such books rarely appeals to the tribal children who come from different cultural backgrounds. Under the traditional tribal set up a child enters adulthood with confidence. He knows his environment thoroughly, knows how to construct his own house, cultivate his field, weave his cloth; in short he acquires all the skills to lead a reasonably comfortable life within the limitations of his culture. The simple skill of reading and writing acquired in an over formal school is no match for this. We cannot afford to push him back to his environment naked. Therefore, a curriculum should be framed in the welfare of tribal people. Certain tribal activities like agriculture, dancing, hunting, tribal games and archery must be allowed to find fullest expression in the extra-curricular activities of the school, thus providing some continuity of the traditional values and forms of organization. A scheme is to be worked out through which the school children will be able to link up the school and the teacher with their parents and the tribal activities. The school has to act as a centre of dispersal of simple technical know-how beyond the skills of reading and writing to become an effective agent of social change. This student-teacher-parent continuum should be able to generate a congenial atmosphere, so that the broad purpose of education, which is to enable an average citizen to comprehend the social, political, economic and other processes and forces around him, is fully served.

 

Suitable Teachers: Lack of suitable teachers is one of the major reasons for the slow growth of education in tribal areas. Most of the teachers employed for imparting education to the tribal children show little appreciation of tribal way of life and value system. They approach tribal people with a sense of superiority and treat them as ‘savage and uncivilized’ and hence fail to establish proper rapport with their students. The Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes Commission’s report says that a teacher in the tribal areas must have a thorough knowledge of tribal life and culture. He must speak tribal language. Only so can he be in a position to act as a friend, philosopher and guide to the tribal people. Actually the gulf between teachers and taught can be best reduced by appointing teachers from the tribal community itself or a separate cadre of teachers for tribal areas, with some inducements, should be created to serve the educational needs of the tribal society.

 

Lack of Facilities: One of the major problems in tribal education is that of language. Most of the tribal languages and dialects are in the most rudimentary stage and there is hardly any written literature. Most of the states impart education to tribal and non-tribal children alike through the medium of the regional language, which makes the education uninteresting and also hurts tribal sentiments.

 

Nature of habitat: Most of the tribal villages are scattered. This entails long travels to attend schools. Unless the school situated very close to their villages and its site approved by the local people the result shall not be encouraging. School building also plays an important role in the growth of education among the tribal folk. Due to mismanagement, bungling and sometimes financial constraints, the building and sometimes-financial constraints, the building is seldom suitable to run an educational institution.

 

Number of teachers: Most of the primary schools run in the tribal areas are “Single teacher-managed whose presence in the school is more an exception than a rule”. The enthusiasm of tribal people in the education of their children also depends considerably on the timing of school hours in different seasons. It should not clash with their important socio-economic activities.

 

To many observers of the situation, the problem of education in tribal areas is the problem of wastage. It is not that wastage and stagnation are peculiar to the tribal communities alone but the extent of wastage is much larger in their case. The problem of

 

Absenteeism is a serious one in tribal areas. One sees a large number of students on the rolls but the actual attendance is really low, and the number of students passing out at the final examination is even lower. The real problem is to create such economic conditions as could be conducive to the students developing sufficient interest in their studies. Education being the most effective instrument of empowering the Socially Disadvantaged Groups, all out efforts should be made to improve the educational status of these groups, especially that of the women and the Girl Child. In fact, the educational backwardness, prevalent amongst these people, necessitates an added thrust on their education, training and skill up gradation, as it will bring forth not only social empowerment but also economic empowerment.

 

Environment of family: Surrounding or environments is one of the importance factors influence for the development of a person generally and particularly in educational development. Most of the tribal parents are agricultures and labours; they have little knowledge relating to modern world and modern environment. Their environment narrows that created narrow mentality. And most of tribal fathers are addicts to alcoholic and other beverage items that creating some problem in mentally and economically end result students will fail exams.

 

Communication: Communication one of the key factor affecting the development of tribal education.  Due to isolation tribal facing problem for expressing modern and regional languages.  For understanding tribal language very difficult generally in the case of society and particularly in teachers. So the students facing problem for discussing their doubt with teachers. So their doubt continuing and automatically tribal students became the last in the class.

 

Cooperation from Stake Holders: Cooperation is essentials for promoting education in the case of tribal students. Their funds are flowing a number of persons hand and at last that amount will get students hands. The delay of funds creating problem, so the respective authorities need to be responsible for providing funds at right time at right hand.  And at last but not least the success of tribal education is completed only after getting the cooperation and help from their classmates.

 

Conclusion

 

Article 46 of the Indian constitution stress to promote the ST and SC people with special care in the educational and economic establishment. The spread of education among the ST during the last four decade has been quite uneven. Ignorant and illiteracy among tribals should be minimized and rooted out, by providing proper education and awareness programme. Government should make available adequate grants for education of tribal. To improve the educational and economic status of the tribal, opportunities for basic and adult education with training leading to better employment should be provided. Hostel facilities to tribal students should be surveyed and improved. Tribal welfare department may design and launch new programmes to generate employment opportunities for tribals. The Director of Employment and Training may provide effective career guidance service to the tribal students so as to help them to make a self assessment of these abilities, aptitudes and plan for the career… Ensuring of high quality education to tribal students. Pre-primary education and residential education will be strengthened further. The existing tuition scheme will be modified to cater to the needs of all tribal students. Programmes for assisting dropouts and improving enrolment will be formulated.All Houseless families will be given houses in a phased manner. The rate of Scholarships [Lump sum grant / stipend etc] will be revised frequently. High priority for the completion of pre-metric hostels and improving of their infrastructure facilities and revision of mess charges etc. Massive awareness and literacy programmes with involvement of NGOs will be organized in the tribal areas. Programmes aimed at improving the brilliance of talented ST students will be formulated and implemented. Training programmes such as IT Training will be arranged for the tribal students and programmes for ensuring jobs for tribals in the IT sector will be formulated. For applying schemes at right time, right place and right manner the government and respective authorities’ cooperation.  And at last but most for developing education in tribal communities the balanced relationship between other students and teachers is essentials

Suggestion

Education is the most effective instrument for ensuring equality of opportunity; keeping in view of this assumption the Government has been making several efforts to education by extending special educational facilities and reservation of seat in educational institutions. But the development of education is one of the important problems in the case of tribals. For solving that problem I like to express some suggestions.

 

1 Proper awareness campaign should be organized to create the awareness and the importance of education.

 

2 Educated tribal youth should be recruited as a teacher and posted in tribal areas.

 

3 The attitude of the tribal parents toward education should be improved through proper counseling and guidance.

 

4 Teacher buildup and maintain close relationship for the development of tribal students.

 

5 Vocational institutes should be implemented for the tribal students for creation of new avenues.

 

6 Administration of incentives need to be streamlined so that the students may avail all the facilities at proper time.

 

7 Higher level officials should check the functioning of schools frequently relating to the teaching methods, working hours, days of the school and attendance registers.

 

8 Establish separate residential school for each districts and extended up to PG level.

 

9 Residential facilities with all amenities should be provided to teachers and other staffs.

 

10 Merits scholarship, attendance scholarship, and more incentives in the form of grant allocated to uniform, books, learing materials, midday meals, supply of sports equipments.

References

1 Ambhasht N K”Tribal Education Scope and Constraint” Yogana January 26. 1994.

2 Sachchidandanda   1967 Socio Economic Uspects of Tribal education Report of national seminar New Delhi.

3 Joshi N D Adult education and development Tribal Education in India Vol. 1782.

4 Khan Q U 1972 Wastage in India School Education. Institute of Applied man Power, New Delhi.

5 Chattopandhaya K P Tribal Education Man in India Vol 33 1953.

6 Geetha B Language and schooling of tribal children issues related to medium of instruction Economic & Political Weekly October 1995.

7 Kundu M Tribal Education in India- some problem in Tribal transformation in India edited by Buddhadeb Chaudhuri. Inter India publication, New Delhi 1985.

8 Madan T N Education of Tribal India Eastern Anthropologist 1952

9 Mathur P R G Tribal Education in Kerala in tribal transformation in India edited by Buddhadeb Chaudhuri. Inter India publication, New Delhi 1985

10 Morab S G 1984 Soliga in Tribal Education in India edited by P K D Gupta and A K Danda. 1984.

11 Nuna S C Regional Disparities in Educational Development, South Asian Publication New Delhi 1993.

12 Radha S N Literacy in tribal India An evaluation in tribal transformation in India. edited by Buddhadeb Chaudhuri. Inter India publication, New Delhi 1982.

13 Varghese N V School quality and student learing- A Study of primary schooling in Kerala NIEPA  New Delhi.1994

14 Sujatha K Review of Research on Tribal Education published paper on seminar research on Tribal Education 1996 NIEPA New Delhi.1994

15 Radha S N Literacy in tribal literacy in India An evaluation in tribal transformation in India. Edited by Buddhadeb Chaudhuri. Inter India publication, New Delhi 1985

 

Nidheesh K B

Lecturer

Department of Commerce

School of Management

Pondicherry University.

Pondicherry India.

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